INS and diabetes mellitus: In clinical trials, MGF treatment was already found to improve metabolic health (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance) by optimization of mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways (fuel switching between fatty acid and carbohydrates) via sirtuin (SIRT) and PPAR (in)dependent metabolic mechanisms (Guo et al., 2011; Niu et al., 2012; Apontes et al., 2014; Na et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2018b; Li et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019).