BDNF and Insulin resistance: Furthermore, from signal transduction network analysis (see Supplementary Tables 5.4, 5.5), the top signal network contains 67 up-regulated genes and is connected with many metabolic-related pathways such as endocrine resistance (FDR = 4.0E-15), foxo signaling pathway (FDR = 1.4E-13), thyroid hormone signaling pathway (FDR = 8.7E-12), sphingolipid signaling pathway (FDR = 1.8E-10), neurotrophin signaling pathway (FDR = 1.8E-10), autophagy – animal (FDR = 3.6E-10), and insulin resistance (FDR = 1.5E-09).