The mechanisms of the components of plant polyphenols against type 2 diabetes involve stimulation of cAMP, which increases exocytosis in β-cells, inhibition of insulin degradation processes, prevention of oxidative stress, regeneration of β-cells, cell repair and hypertrophy, and cell proliferation in the islets of Langerhans [41–43]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.