Overexpression of TP53 mRNA has recently been shown to increase the amount of endogenous TP53 and to increase apoptosis in human melanoma cells, in part, by modulating the transcription of downstream target genes including downregulation of p21 and upregulation of TP53-induced death domain protein, to favour apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest [41]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is melanoma.