FOXD3 and melanoma: Genetic knockdown of SOX10 expression robustly abolishes the proliferative and migratory capacity of melanoma cells in vitro and the growth of melanoma in vivo, implicating the fundamental role played by SOX10 in maintaining melanoma cell survival.64–66 As a transcriptional factor, SOX10 activates various targets like MITF, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SAMMSON, forkhead box D3 (FOXD3), and RAB7 to regulate cell proliferation, mitochondrial function, and endolysosomal pathway, therefore affecting various biological activities in melanoma67–70 (Fig. 4).