BRAF and melanoma: The identification of BRAF mutation in melanoma in 2002 has opened a new era for understanding oncogenic events of melanomagenesis and provided the molecular basis for developing targeted therapy.25 Over 50% of cutaneous melanomas harbor BRAF mutation, which can induce a robust increase of its kinase activity and constitutive enhancement of downstream MEK-ERK signaling cascade.402 About ten years ago, vemurafenib and dabrafenib had been approved by FDA for the treatment of advanced melanoma harboring BRAF mutations.