VEGFA and melanoma: In particular, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) promotes angiogenesis via the regulation of integrin ɑvβ3 and ɑvβ5 respectively, which is supported by the evidence that pharmacological blockade of ɑvβ3 and ɑvβ5 ameliorates increased angiogenesis induced by FGF-2 and VEGF-A.301 In addition to these, integrin-based signaling transduction and associated intermediaries have recently attracted more attention due to their impact on melanoma pathogenesis.