The intermediate product β-hydroxybutyrate has been reported to increase “stemness”-associated gene transcription for promoting tumor growth and metastasis.216 The p53 has long been studied in human cancer as a multifunctional transcription factor in the regulation of cell-cycle arrest, proliferation, senescence, aging, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cell metabolism, and oxidative balance maintenance.217–224 In addition to histones, the only nonhistone protein with β-hydroxybutyrylation modification is p53. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.