PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent years, immunotherapies and targeted therapies contribute to population-level improvement in NSCLC cancer-specific survival, however, the two novel therapeutic options have been mainly beneficial for those who contain the mutated driven genes, such as genes encoding PD-1/PD-L1 [5], anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) [6], or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [7].