Studies conducted on thyroid tumour cells have mainly focused on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine protein kinase/threonine protein kinase (PI3K/Akt), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (TSHR/cAMP), Wnt/β-catenin, and NOTCH pathways. The gene discussed is TSHR; the disease is thyroid tumor.