An altered balance between glucagon and Stmn2 has also been reported in islets from patients with diabetes; α-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed a higher Gcg: Stmn2 gene expression ratio in islets from people with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy subjects.36 Proglucagon gene transcription, glucagon synthesis and secretion are all highly responsive to prevailing glucose concentrations,16,37–39 reflecting the hyperglucagonemic state of diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and diabetes mellitus.