TGFB1 and neoplasm: In summary (Fig. 5), we hypothesize that TGF-β is produced by the tumor, T-regulatory cells, and stromal cells resulting in immune suppression of T cells and NK cells, as well as inducing phenotype switch from M1 to M2 macrophages which further amplifying immune suppression by producing TGF-β and recruiting other cells like T-regulatory cells and eosinophils.