Due to the observed difference in EMT signature between 2 and 3 W co-culture conditions in vitro and OSMRhigh and OSMRlow human PDA tumours (Fig. 6e, f), the morphological shift of tumour cells from a more migratory and mesenchymal to an epithelial-dominated phenotype (Fig. 7b), together with reduced levels of pro-metastatic inflammatory signals, such as IL6 (Fig. 5b), we hypothesised that loss of Osm would also be associated with reduced metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene OSM and neoplasm.