This is further supported by gene expression analysis, where CAFs isolated from Osm−/− tumours exhibited decreased inflammatory gene expression (e.g. Il6, Mmp3, Has2 and Osmr) but increased myofibroblast gene expression (e.g. Acta2, Itgav and Fn1) (Fig. 5d left). This evidence concerns the gene MMP3 and neoplasm.