MAPK3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To address this question, we generated Lifrfl/fl;Cre-ERT2 mice and performed hydrodynamic tail vein (HDTV) injection with plasmids expressing the Sleeping Beauty transposase, myristoylated AKT (myrAKT), and N-RasV12 at 10 weeks of age, considering that these two oncogenes could cooperate to induce HCC in this transposon system36,37, and that the Ras-ERK and AKT-mTOR pathways are frequently activated in human HCC2,36.