CNTN2 and ischemia: AXT’s role against apoptosis wasascertained by blockingcaspase3,9 as shown in Figure 6, as well as cytochrome c, p-ERK/ERK, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio.101,111 AXT has therapeutic effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury of thespinal cord and induced oxidative stress and neural apoptosis by PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway activation.112 The PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway showed neuroprotective function by inhibiting apoptosisand stimulating proliferation of the cell.113