INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These associations, which mostly involved adults with overweight or obesity, demonstrated beneficial outcomes associated with IF for BMI,25,28 body weight,26,27,28 fat mass,5,25,27,28 LDL-C,7 total cholesterol,28 triglyceride,7,28 fasting plasma glucose,8,26 fasting insulin,27 HOMA-IR,8 and blood pressure.25 IF was found to be associated with reductions in fat-free mass.25,27