FGF21 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: Previous cross-sectional studies have found that FGF21 levels are increased in patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.[16–19] A negative association between eGFR and circulating FGF21 has also been found in participants without apparent kidney disease in both the community-dwelling population and patients with T2D.[9,20] The result of the independent association of increased FGF21 and decreased eGFR (Table 2) in the present study was consistent with these previous studies.