STK11 and lung adenocarcinoma: In lung adenocarcinomas, comprehensive molecular profiling has identified significant mutations in eighteen genes [5], including (Table 1): (i) Oncogenes; EGFR (20–50%) [5, 6, 36], KRAS (33%) [7], BRAF (10%) [8], PI3K (7%), MET (7%) [13], RIT1 (2%), NRB1 [36],ERBB2 [16](ii) tumour suppressor genes; TP53 (46%) [19], STK11(17%), KEAP1(17%), NF1(11%), SETD2(9%), ARID1A(7%),RB1 (4%), CDKN2A (4%), (iii) Gene fusions/splice site mutations causing aberrant RNA transcripts: EML4-ALK [32], CD74-ROS1 [31], KIF5B-RET [33], NTRK [34] and NRG1fusions [35].