Additionally, CAV1-shRNA mice presented the highest serum insulin levels (555.999 ± 40.033 pmol/L) of all the groups (141.753 ± 24.408 pmol/L in the NC group, 246.112 ± 46.055 pmol/L in the T2DM group, 193.957 ± 67.549 pmol/L in the insulin group, 293.829 ± 58.344 pmol/L in the Ctrl-RNA group), which indicated a worsened insulin resistance (Supplementary Fig. 2). The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is Insulin resistance.