Additionally, when proinflammatory cytokines were compared by levels of HbA1c, we observed that IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, and serum CRP levels were significantly elevated in poorly controlled T2D with higher HbA1c values compared to moderately controlled T2D patients (Table 2). Here, IL18 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.