CXCR4 and prostate cancer: Moreover, it was reported that bone-borne TGF-β induced acetylation of human Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) by activating CXCR4, which resulted in osteoclastogenesis, bone metastases, and the development of docetaxel resistance, on the other hand, the inhibition of TGF-β and CXCR4 signaling promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in advanced prostate cancer cells (Zhang et al., 2021).