TGFB1 and neoplasm: TGF-β secreted by tumor cells facilitates the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance by directly driving the conversion of NK cells into innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1), which lacks cytotoxic function, or by impairing NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity (Cortez et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2017; Lazarova and Steinle, 2019).