Moreover, high levels of TGF-β in patients with breast cancer, NSCLC, HCC, CRC predicted a poor prognosis (Calon et al., 2015; Okada et al., 2018; Zhuang and Wang, 2018; Tauriello, 2019; Guo et al., 2020). Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.