NFE2L2 and age-related macular degeneration: Since NFE2L2 KO mice lack the NFE2L2 gene response and exhibit AMD-like changes including oxidative stress, changes in autophagic activity, and accumulation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins in the retina [8, 41], we were curious to analyse the effects of pinosylvin in this animal model as well as wild-type (WT) animals with intact NFE2L2 signalling.