Furthermore, multiple genes and signaling pathways, including the NF-kappa B (Gross et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2018), PI3K-Akt (Meng et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2018), and B cell receptor (Han et al., 2014) signaling pathways and galactose metabolism (Bucior et al., 2013), have been repeatedly reported in ALI studies. Here, AKT1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.