To address whether DDX41 can directly bind and unwind RNA–DNA hybrids in R-loops, we purified full-length DDX41, DDX41 lacking the helicase domain (153–410), and the AML-associated R525H variant in the C-terminus of the RecA-like helicase core domain (Supplementary Fig. 3d, e). This evidence concerns the gene DDX41 and acute myeloid leukemia.