NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: To establish a model of PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in primary culture myocardial cells of neonatal mice, we first ascertained the optimal PE dose using CCK-8 assays and qRT-PCR, which was found to be 100 μmol/L, based on the activity of myocardial cells, as well as on the level of cardiac hypertrophy-related gene ANP mRNA expression in cultured cardiomyocytes (Fig 1A and 1B).