CCL3 and helminthiasis: While it appears AHR and type-2 cytokines transition to baseline by 3 months p.i., other indicators of immune activation persisted beyond 3 months p.i. Chemokine levels including CXCL1, involved in leukocyte recruitment following helminth larval migration[20], and CCL3, associated with chronic macrophage recruitment during helminth infection and a marker of severe helminth disease[21,22], remained elevated as long as 9 months p.i. (Fig 1D).