For instance, Gulia-Nuss et al. identified that the signaling pathways that regulate the innate immune response, such as the Toll-like receptors, IMD (Immunodeficiency), and JAK-STAT (Janus Kinase/ Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription), also occur in ticks (34). Here, SOAT1 is linked to immunodeficiency disease.