SERPINE1 and neoplasm: Since the ratio of CD163+ TAMs was not different between the responder group and the non-responder group, to further examine the immunomodulatory roles of PAI-1 on TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, CD163+ M2 macrophages were generated from CD14+ monocytes and stimulated by recombinant PAI-1 in vitro (4).