Since PAI-1 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers, and since PAI-1 possesses immunomodulatory effects to polarize TAMs toward proinflammatory and immunosuppressive M2 phenotypes (6, 7), we hypothesized that PAI-1 expression correlates with the efficacies of anti-PD1 Abs for advanced melanoma patients. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is cancer.