ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; BF: body fat; BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; OR: odds ratio; PA: physical activity; r: correlation coefficient; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; TG: triglycerides; WC: waist circumference; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein. Here, ACE is linked to cardiovascular disorder.