TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Reports also have shown that, in an acute IBD, anthraquinones inhibit the activation of NF‐κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, and 5‐LOX and suppress the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, MPO, MDA, CINC‐1, MIP‐2, ICAM‐1, and MMP‐9.