It binds to the cGMP site, reduces the content of TNF-α, and shows a tendency to decrease IFN-γ.23 According to the research carried out by Elbardisy,24 certain therapeutic effects can be achieved by intranasal application of tadalafil, such as significantly reducing the content of inflammatory factors in serum of subjects, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and alleviating various biochemical indicators of patients with metabolic diseases.25 Here, TNF is linked to metabolic disease.