The immune response both at the level of single cells and in the bulk tumor was found to be dominated by a proinflammatory response as evidenced by an increase expression of Tbx21 (T-bet) and Ifng (IFNγ) and the detection of IFNγ expression by CD8 effector memory and cytotoxic T cells in the tumors of PD-1cKO or PD-1 Ab-treated mice. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.