MTOR and systemic lupus erythematosus: This mitochondrial dysfunction was also described in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was associated with activation of the PI3K pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Oaks et al., 2016), a kinase that modulates cellular growth, proliferation, and apoptosis (Magnuson et al., 2012).