SOSTDC1 and adenocarcinoma: Although human and mouse lung tumors are histologically distinct (Nikitin et al., 2004; Pandiri, 2015), in our model, the histological presentation (Figures 10, 11) and the molecular signatures imprinted on the lungs by the urethane treatment – dysregulation of Kras, Anxa5, Cdkn2a, Sftpc, Pax5, Sostdc1, Krt5 – (Figure 13) suggest the development of NSCLC adenocarcinomas (Kwon and Berns, 2013; Sunaga et al., 2013; Ren et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2016; Xiao et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018).