Co-pathologies and cross-talks are likely a common feature with the nucleation process, which may involve oligomer formation accompanied by liquid−liquid phase separation among the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis16,24,27–32. Here, SOD1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.