INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), there is an absolute deficiency in insulin, one of the main hormones responsible for the regulation of blood glucose; however, for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is a relative deficiency in insulin through the progressive loss of insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells (i.e., inadequate insulin secretion) and/or increasing insulin peripheral resistance, the bodies inability to respond to insulin3.