Based on PERMANOVA of unweighted Bray–Curtis distances, microbiota composition was significantly but modestly (R2 < 4%) correlated with seroconversion (Fig. 4B) and post-vaccination RV-IgA (Supplementary Fig. 7B) in Malawian infants as well as Indian infants without neonatal rotavirus infection. The gene discussed is CD79A; the disease is Rotavirus infection.