Strong immunostaining for C3 could be detected in POS of AMD eyes; (2) POS as a source of C3 and C5 leading to RPE atrophy is consistent with a previous observation of recurrence of RPE atrophy in dry-AMD patients after a full macular translocation procedure44; (3) Multiple reports have demonstrated that RPE cells exposed to physiological stressors can be an autonomous source of complement C3 and C3a45–47. This evidence concerns the gene C3 and age-related macular degeneration.