The presence of nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis in a patient prior to initiation of therapy, suggests diseases associated with hypercalciuria such as HHRH (NaPi 2C defects), Dent disease 1(CLCN5 defect) or hypophosphatemia and nephrocalcinosis (NaPi2a defects). This evidence concerns the gene CLCN5 and nephrocalcinosis.