TNF and COVID-19: Many inflammatory cytokines (Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and chemokines were detected in COVID-19 patients (45).