We performed an unprecedented study in which we recruited patients with diabetic macular edema with and without peripheral retinal ischemia for an analysis and comparison of the concentrations of the molecules IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, VFGF, and b-FGF during intravitreal treatment with ranibizumab. Here, TNF is linked to diabetic macular edema.