Several cytokines and chemokines, including regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1B/CCL4), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG/CXCL9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) were upregulated compared to that in the control groups (Supplementary Fig. 17), indicating the activation of anti-cancer immune responses. Here, CCL5 is linked to cancer.