GDF15 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multiple experiments have been designed to explore the radioresistant-associated genes or proteins in NPC, for example, at least 2 genes (gp96 and GDF15) were found involved in radioresistance using a cDNA array [6], 4 proteins (14-3-3σ, Maspin, GRP78, and Mn-SOD) were characterized to predict NPC response to radiotherapy by combing two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis [7], protein kinase MAPK15 was identified to be a potential regulator of radioresistance [8].