IL6 and vitamin D deficiency: In the last years, particular interest has been dedicated to the pre-operative risk factors, adding to the well-known ones such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease newer ones, like disorders of lipid metabolism and overweight, vitamin D deficiency, gastroesophageal diseases, genetic polymorphisms (e.g., IL-6 and MMP-3) and increased inflammatory changes in the shoulder joint [2, 9, 24, 25, 37, 45–48].