It is known that mutations in genes encoding most of theseproteins result in synapse malfunction and various disorders.Mutations in the gene for the SHANK3 protein of the postsynaptic membrane cause Phelan–McDermid syndrome; inthe gene for PTEN phosphatase, Cowden’s disease; for NF1,type 1 neurofibromatosis; in the genes for GTPase, H-RAS,RAF1, and MEK1 kinase, Costello and Noonan syndromes;TSC2-TSC1, tuberous sclerosis; FMRP, fragile X syndrome;UBE3A ubiquitin-protein ligase, Angelman syndrome; and ingenes for neuroligins NLGN3/4 and neurexin NRXN1, typical autism (Trifonova et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and fragile X syndrome.