In further consideration of the role of the local translation system in thedevelopment of neuropsychic and neurodegenerative diseases, an original hypothesis was put forward that oneof the possible causes of synaptopathies is impaired proteome stability associated with mTOR hyperactivity andformation of complex dynamic modes of de novo protein synthesis in response to synapse-stimulating factors,including chronic mechanical stress. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and neurodegenerative disease.