CHSY3 and Intervertebral disk degeneration: Chsy3-deficient mice showed a shorter body length than the wild-type after 4 weeks old, a reduction of CS in disc tissues, and intervertebral disc degeneration such as a narrowed disc height, loss of the nucleus pulposus, and unclear demarcation between the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus (Wei et al., 2020).