More specifically, we identified that CD86+ M1 macrophages (Figure 7) and M1 macrophage–produced IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA expression (Figure 9B) were significantly increased in the kidneys of mice fed with HFD, indicating that M1 macrophages and their inflammatory activities are significantly activated in kidneys with atherosclerosis. Here, CD86 is linked to atherosclerosis.