TGFB1 and atherosclerosis: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg exerts immunomodulatory effects by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis possibly through promoting the conversion of M1 to M2 macrophages (Tiemessen et al., 2007; Lin et al., 2010).