Prominent unique late manifestations are pernicious anemia, ECL cell hyperplasia, and neuroendocrine tumors in AIG and peptic ulceration and MALT lymphoma in Hp. Iron deficiency anemia, a microcytic anemia, can emerge early on in both settings, but pernicious anemia, a macrocytic anemia, is primarily associated with late-stage AIG (Park et al., 2013; Amieva and Peek, 2016; Kulnigg-Dabsch, 2016). Here, HP is linked to neuroendocrine neoplasm.