However, both α4 and α9 integrins were enriched at the leading edge of wounded monolayers undergoing CCM; α4 integrin localized to puncta along the lamellipodia and stress fibers (Figure 1A), and colocalized with paxillin (Supp Figure 1C, top panels) comparable to previous studies using monocytes and α4 integrin over-expression in CHO cells (Pinco, et al 2002; Goldfinger et al., 2003; Rosado et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene PXN and cerebral cavernous malformation.