In an extension of the KEYNOTE-042 study in a Chinese cohort, pembrolizumab monotherapy significantly improved OS compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with PD-L1-positive NSCLC with a PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50% (median OS, 24.5 vs 13.8 months; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43–0.94), TPS ≥ 20% (median OS, 21.9 vs 13.5 months; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.92), and TPS ≥ 1% (median OS, 20.2 vs 13.5 months; HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.89) (36). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.