NOS2 and neoplasm: In this study, we found that intratumoral injection of PcrV reduces tumor growth and increases the rate of apoptosis in tumor tissues by reeducating TAMs into an M1 profile characterized by the elevated expression of M1 markers (e.g., iNOS, MHCII, and CD86) and reduced levels of M2 markers (e.g., ARG1 and CD206).