The combination of AFP and PIVKA-II had good performance in HCC early detection especially for differential diagnosis [AUC, 0.922 (95% CI, 0.908–0.935), sensitivity 88.3%, and specificity 85.1% for the training cohort; 0.902 (95% CI, 0.875–0.929), sensitivity 87.8%, and specificity 81.0%, for the validation cohort] (81). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.